Using a microscope camera and audio/visualization techniques, we are tracking a population of springtails inside a custom-made terrarium. Springtails (collembola) are abundant arthropods, found in soils throughout the world. They are important to soil health, as they graze on bacteria and fungi, disperse spores, and keep the nutrients cycling throughout soil.

To help humans notice their individual interactions, we projected them large and programmed colored dots to share their varying speeds; with blue dots showing their slower movements and red dots showing the fastest. 

The sounds are also changing live, based on their movements. We don’t know what the sounds of this soil, or these springtails, are actually like, so we have developed a kind of speculative sonification based on the sounds of a forest. Like forest sounds and like ambient music, soil is present but fades from our notice most of the time. When we do pay attention to the complex life in soil ecosystems, we can be rewarded with a sense of wonder.

Viewers can interact with this system by moving the computer mouse to experience an altered soundscape – and perhaps imagine themselves as a tiny cursor in the world of the springtails.

This project is a collaboration with artists Alena Sun, Brian Trelegan, and David King. We were fortunate to be able to work with David’s amazing glass art crew: Gayle Van Martel, David Foster, Su Fan and Max Kleinmann, in the glass art facility at the Ohio State University.

The work was exhibited in, Those Who Feed Us, an art show celebrating Ohio Soil Health Week, which included Marcia Armstrong, Ken Rinaldo, Mandy Darrington, Adelaine Muth, Eve Warnock, Pelham Johnston, Kim Landsbergen, Janette Knowles, Raman Ebrahimi, Thomas Ellsworth, Daniel Gingerich, Parinaz Naghizadeh, Kyoung Swearingen, Scott Swearingen, and Robyn Wilson.

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INSPIRATIONS:

• Springtails
• Shadrick Addy and Jian Chen, my co-principal investigators of the Nonhuman Storytellers Generating Impressionistic Story Ecologies project, an interdisciplinary grant project funded by the College of Arts and Humanities and Computer Science Engineering, which gave rise to this offshoot artwork.
• The student researchers who worked on the Nonhuman Storytellers Generating Impressionistic Story Ecologies project: Nate Garthwaite, Alena Sun, Ashim Dhakal, Shuning Jiang, Isabel Nixon, and Chenzhuo Tong.
• Artists: Julie Freeman, Ken Rinaldo, and Laura Beloff
• A Chaos of Delight, informative website featuring soil mesofauna, by macro photographer and writer Andy Murray.

This virtual reality experience is based on an important ecological reality. The intricately interwoven ecosystem of soil contains billions of tiny creatures that our lives depend upon. How can we meet our friends who are doing the important work of absorbing waste and transforming it into healthy fertilizer that feeds the plants, which feed animals, like us?  How can we see and experience these fascinating creatures who have complex, symbiotic relationships with each other?

Belonging to Soil is a simulation of the world of a springtail, a tiny creature living in soil ecosystems throughout the world. You inhabit the body of this arthropod avatar so you can travel as it does; riding on a flying ant to find new territory, leaping through the air to escape predators, swimming in a pond to catch and eat water bears, crawling underground to see the beauty there, exploring tunnels made by worms, eating sporulating soil bacteria, feeding on plant roots, and dancing with friends.

The world inside the headset may look and feel like fantasy, but it is based on scientific knowledge. The research for this project involved reading scientific papers about springtails and their interactions with others in the soil ecosystem, as well as the observation of live springtails over three years, which I have cultivated in a variety of terrariums. The cartoonish avatar does not even come close to capturing the complexity of the actual springtails I observed. Their quick movements, their air-sensitive hairs, and acrobatics were not technically possible to include in a virtual reality system that assumes a human is controlling it.

How would a human use their body to control six legs, plus two antennae, plus a furcula, which is the spring-loaded “tail” that activates their high-speed jumping? We don’t have enough limbs or even buttons on the virtual reality controllers to map to the actions of an actual springtail. It is humbling to attempt to simulate the operation of their bodies. It was also frustrating to working with a game engine that privileges two-legged, two-armed, upright-walking avatars. Our current avatar is a compromised in many ways: it walks upright, has only four legs, and its antennas are simply automated, not controllable. Nevertheless, we found ways to program the system so that users could experience jumping, eating, and “soil-making” (pooping) through particular body movements.

About Springtails

• They are arthropods, who have a spring-loaded jumping organ that allows them to “hyperspace jump” – up and away from predators.
• They help build healthy soils by grazing on fungi, bacteria, and decaying matter, and by turning these into nutrients that plants can eat through their roots.
• The “earthy scent” that often occurs after it rains is due to a symbiotic relationship that a type of bacteria (streptomyces) have formed with springtails. The bacteria creates the scent to attract springtails, who help the bacteria by spreading their spores (kind of like seeds) throughout the soil where new colonies can grow. The springtails are rewarded by a meal of bacteria, who are in the last stages of their lives when they are producing their spores.
• Fossilized springtails have been discovered in amber, clinging to the bodies of flying insects, causing scientists to believe that this is one method they used to travel and populate most types of terrestrial environments.
• They come in many types and colors, but they are so small and are often underground, so you might never see them.

This is a collaborative project, with Shadrick Addy (Designer), Mayen McClain (3D Environment Artist), Luke Stephens (3D Character Designer), JT Thrash (Lead Programmer), Andrew Sanchez (Programmer), Josh Rodenberg (Musician), Megan Wright (Designer), and William Yuan (3D Artist).

This project is supported by a grant from the College of Arts & Sciences, The Ohio State University.

Special thanks to the Emerging Technology Studio

(This sculpture was stolen from Hopkins Hall Gallery in Columbus, Ohio in 2000. Let me know if you see it anywhere.)